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The purpose of this book is to identify how educational tests, especially large-scale tests given to students in grades K-12, can be improved so that they produce better information about what students know and don't know.

When the last speaker of a language dies, s/he takes to oblivion the memories, associations and the rich imagery this language community has once lived by. The cultural heritage encoded in conventional linguistic metaphors, handed down through generations, will be lost forever. This volume consists of fifteen articles about metaphors in endangered languages, from Peru to Alaska, from India to Ghana.

The development of cognitive science is one of the most remarkable and fascinating intellectual achievements of the modern era. The quest to understand the mind is as old as recorded human thought; but the progress of modern science has offered new methods and techniques which have revolutionized this enquiry.

Do you or does someone you know suffer from an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or a less typical set of symptoms? The most effective, evidence-based treatment for adults with eating disorders is cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT).

This is a book about speech and language. It is primarily intended for those interested in speech and its neurophysiological bases: phoneticians, linguists, educators, speech therapists, psychologists, and neuroscientists. Although speech and language are its central topic, it provides information about related topics as well (e.g. structure and functioning of the central nervous system, research methods in neuroscience, theories and models of speech production and perception, learning, and memory). Data on clinical populations are given in parallel with studies of healthy subjects because such comparisons can give a better understanding of intact and disordered speech and language functions.

Most current neurally-based models of human cognition focus on a single narrow domain, such as visual pattern recognition; The Cognitive Brain proposes a theoretical model of integrated mechanisms that can account for human cognitive competence on many basic tasks in visual-cognitive and lexical-semantic domains. Trehub's detailed and biologically plausible model of the cognitive brain covers functions such as learning, imagery, stereopsis, pattern recognition, scene assembly, analysis of spatial relations, object search, semantic processing, narrative comprehension, planning, and motivation

With the world and its structures becoming ever more complex, and the nature of future employment becoming ever more unpredictable, the notion of ‘cognitive flexibility’ has a high profile in educational and psychological debate. The contributions in this volume analyze the nature of cognitive flexibility, as well as the impact of different types of beliefs on cognitive flexibility.